In the global race towards sustainable energy, several nations have emerged as frontrunners, achieving or nearing 100% renewable electricity generation. As Australia continues its transition to cleaner energy sources, it's crucial to examine how it measures up against these renewable energy champions.
This comparison not only highlights the progress made by leading countries but also offers insights into the potential benefits and challenges Australia may face on its path to a greener future.
Countries Leading the Renewable Energy Charge
Several nations have already reached or are very close to achieving 100% renewable electricity generation:
1. **Iceland**: Utilizes 100% renewable electricity, with 72% from hydropower and 28% from geothermal sources[2].
2. **Albania**: Generates 100% of its electricity from hydropower[2].
3. **Paraguay**: Produces 100% renewable electricity, primarily from hydropower[2].
4. **Costa Rica**: Achieves 99% renewable electricity through a mix of hydroelectric, geothermal, and wind power[5].
5. **Norway**: Generates over 98% of its electricity from renewable sources, mainly hydropower[2][5].
6. **Bhutan**: Relies heavily on hydropower for nearly all its electricity needs[1][2].
7. **Ethiopia**: Produces over 90% of its electricity from renewable sources, primarily hydropower[1][2].
Australia's Renewable Energy Landscape
In contrast to these leading nations, Australia's renewable energy sector is still developing. As of 2021, renewable energy sources accounted for about 32.5% of Australia's total electricity generation. While this figure represents significant progress, it's clear that Australia has a long way to go to match the achievements of the top performers.
Electricity Price Comparison
One of the most pressing questions for consumers and policymakers alike is how electricity prices in these renewable energy-rich countries compare to those in Australia. Let's break it down:
1. **Australia**: The average residential electricity price in Australia is approximately 27 cents per kWh. When adjusted for purchasing power parity (PPP), this translates to about 17.6 US cents per kWh[4].
2. **Iceland**: Known for its abundant geothermal and hydropower resources, Iceland enjoys some of the lowest electricity prices in the world. Residential rates are significantly lower than in Australia[4].
3. **Norway**: Another hydropower-rich nation, Norway benefits from low electricity prices due to its renewable energy abundance[4].
4. **Paraguay**: With its massive hydroelectric resources, Paraguay also enjoys lower electricity prices compared to many other countries.
5. **Costa Rica**: Despite its high renewable energy penetration, Costa Rica's electricity prices are generally higher than those in Australia due to infrastructure costs and other factors.
It's important to note that while countries with high renewable energy penetration often enjoy lower electricity prices, this isn't always the case. Factors such as infrastructure costs, government policies, and energy market structures also play significant roles in determining electricity prices.
Lessons for Australia
As Australia continues its transition to renewable energy, there are several key takeaways from these leading nations:
1. **Leverage Natural Resources**: Countries like Iceland and Norway have successfully harnessed their abundant natural resources. Australia, with its vast solar and wind potential, could follow suit.
2. **Invest in Infrastructure**: Developing robust transmission and storage infrastructure is crucial for managing the intermittency of renewable sources.
3. **Policy Support**: Consistent and supportive government policies have been instrumental in the success of many renewable energy leaders.
4. **Diversification**: While some countries rely heavily on a single renewable source (like hydropower), diversifying the renewable energy mix can enhance grid stability and resilience.
The Path Forward
Australia has set ambitious targets for renewable energy adoption, aiming to significantly increase its share of clean energy in the coming decades. A study by the Australian National University suggests that achieving 100% renewable electricity in Australia is not only feasible but could also be cost-competitive with fossil fuel alternatives[3].
The estimated cost of supplying 100% renewable electricity in Australia is lower than previous estimates, primarily due to the rapidly falling costs of wind and solar technologies. With continued investment and supportive policies, Australia could join the ranks of global renewable energy leaders, potentially enjoying the benefits of lower electricity prices and a cleaner environment.
In conclusion, while Australia still has ground to cover in its renewable energy journey, the success stories of countries achieving or nearing 100% renewable electricity provide valuable insights and inspiration.
As technology advances and costs continue to decline, Australia's path to a fully renewable electricity grid becomes increasingly achievable, promising a more sustainable and potentially more affordable energy future for all Australians.
Citations:
[1] 100% Renewable Energy Countries | Happy Eco News https://happyeconews.com/100-percent-renewable-energy-countries/
[2] 100% renewable energy - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100%25_renewable_energy
[3] [PDF] 100% renewable electricity in Australia https://iceds.anu.edu.au/files/ANU-100-percent-renewable-electricity-future-in-australia-report.pdf
[4] International electricity prices: How does Australia compare? https://www.energycouncil.com.au/analysis/international-electricity-prices-how-does-australia-compare/
[5] A 100% renewable grid isn't just feasible, it's already happening https://reneweconomy.com.au/a-100-renewable-grid-isnt-just-feasible-its-already-happening-73505/
[6] Top 5 Countries with 100% Renewable Energy in Electricity ... https://thecsrjournal.in/top-countries-100-per-cent-renewable-energy-electricity-generation/
[7] 5 places running on 100% renewable energy https://worldsmartcities.org/5-places-running-on-100-renewable-energy/
[8] Iceland: household electricity prices 2023 | Statista https://www.statista.com/statistics/643385/electricity-prices-for-households-in-iceland/
[9] Iceland - Household electricity prices 2023 | countryeconomy.com https://countryeconomy.com/energy-and-environment/electricity-price-household/iceland
